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  3. 2023 - Volume 11 [Issue 4]
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Chronic and Stubborn Leuco-melanoderma in a Child: A Case Study

  •   C. Ait Khabba
  •   M. Asermouh
  •   K. Znati
  •   K. Senouci
  •   L. Benzekri

Asian Journal of Pediatric Research, Volume 11, Issue 4, Page 11-15
DOI: 10.9734/ajpr/2023/v11i4226
Published: 6 March 2023

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Abstract


Aims: Pityriasis lichenoides chronic is a rare inflammatory dermatosis, unusually hypochromic in dark phototypes. The evolution of the disease is usually benign, but a malignant transformation in mycosis fungoides is reported. You have to know how to think about it when faced with a generalized hypochromic macular eruption in children.

Case Report: We report a case of a 13-years-old child, photo type 4.He presented for 8 months hypochromic macular lesions, located initially at the face. The evolution was marked by the extension at the trunk and the limbs. He was treated for pityriasis versicolor but without improvement. A skin biopsy was then performed, in favor of Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica (PLC) with a lymphoid infiltrate made up mainly of CD4 T lymphocytes. The child was put on cyclin associated with heliotherapy with a moderate improvement after 3 months of treatment. The patient was followed for 2 years during which he did not present any malignant transformation.

Discussion: Pityriasis Lichenoides is less frequent in the pediatric population.Its etiopathogenesis is still incompletely elucidated. The basic lesion is an erythematous-squamous papule in the trunk. Hypochromic macules can also be observed, either at the cicatricial stage of the disease, or they occur immediately, especially in subjects with dark skin. The histology of PLC reveals perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the superficial dermis..The adopted therapeutic is based on heliotherapy or an antibiotic from the macrolide or cyclin family. Evolution towards Mycosis Fungoides has been rarely described.

Conclusion:  PLC is exceptionally hypopigmented from the outset. We report a case of chronic leucomelanodermic pityriasis lichenoides in a child posing a problem of differential diagnosis.

Keywords:
  • Hypopigmented
  • pityriasis lichenoides
  • chronic
  • child
  • histology
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  • Review History

How to Cite

Khabba , C. A., Asermouh , M., Znati , K., Senouci , K., & Benzekri , L. (2023). Chronic and Stubborn Leuco-melanoderma in a Child: A Case Study. Asian Journal of Pediatric Research, 11(4), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2023/v11i4226
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References

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Aileen M Feschuk, Maxwell Green, Nadia Kashetsky, Howard I Maibach. Pityriasis Lichenoides Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection/Vaccination. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2023;12(1):27-32. DOI: 10.1007/s13671-023-00380-1

Epub 2023 Jan 17

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Amira Elbendary, Mona R E Abdel-Halim, Randa Youssef , et al. Hypopigmented lesions in pityriasis lichenoides chronica patients: Are they only post-inflammatory hypopigmentation?. Australas J Dermatol. 2022;63(1):68-73. Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.13746

Tanda N Lane, Sareeta S Parker. Pityriasis lichenoides chronica in black patients Cutis. 2010;85(3):125-9. PMID: 20408509

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Zang JB, Coates SJ, Huang J, Vonderheid EC, Cohen BA. Pityriasis lichenoides: Long-term follow-up study. Pediatric Dermatology. 2018;35(2):213–219. Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.13396

Cynthia M. Magro, Joshua W. Hagen, Arthur N. Crowson, et al .Hypopigmented interface T-cell dyscrasia: A form of cutaneous T-cell dyscrasia distinct from hypopigmented mycosis fungoides. The journal of dermatology; 2014. Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.12458

Geller L, Antonov NK, Lauren MC, et al. Pityriasis Lichenoides in Childhood: Review of Clinical Presentation and Treatment Options. Pediatric Dermatology. 2015;32(5):579–592. Available:https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.12581

Maranda EL, Smith M, Nguyen AH, et al. Phototherapy for Pityriasis Lichenoides in the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Published Literature. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2016;17(6):583–591. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-016-0216-2

Eric Laurent Maranda, Megan Smith, Austin H. Nguyen, Vivek N. Patel, Lawrence A Schachner, Jimenez J Joaquin. Phototherapy for Pityriasis Lichenoides in the Pediatric Population: A Review of the Published Literature Am J Clin Dermatol. 2016;17(6):583-591. Available:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-016-0216-2.

Erin Lowe, Jeffrey R Jacobsen, Steve Taylor, Richard Miller, Harper N Price, Israel D Andrews. Mycosis Fungoides Preceding Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta by Twelve Years in a Pediatric Patient Am J Dermatopathol 2021;43(12):e259- e262. Available:https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000001949.

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