A Short Review of Coronary Artery Lesions in Children
HongPing Zhong
Department of Paediatrics, Yan’an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an 716000, China.
YaQing Zhang
Department of Paediatrics, Yan’an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an 716000, China.
FuYong Jiao *
Children's Hospital of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Kawasaki Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Coronary artery lesions (CAL) are not uncommon in pediatrics, but their causesare complex， such as congenital coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, infectious diseases, and rheumatic immune diseases, which can lead to CAL. This review provides a systematic evaluation of the published medical literature on potential etiologies and associated pathogenesis that may lead to CAL in children, in order to broaden clinical diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. The main pathogenesis of CAL is an innate immunity imbalance due to exposure of genetically susceptible people to various infections and/or environmental factors. Kawasaki disease is not the only cause of CAL, and pediatricians need to better understand the immunological mechanisms of the CAL to suspect and diagnose.In addition, attach great importance to rheumatic immune diseases and cardiovascular diseases secondary to CAL.
Keywords: Kawasaki disease, dyslipidemia, underdiagnosis, coronary artery injury