Asian Journal of Pediatric Research

Aim: Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been defined as the ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and connect emotions to oneself and in relation to others. Research findings show that parenting style could potentially contribute to or hinder the lifetime success of a child well into adulthood including leadership roles. The influence of parenting style on the emotional intelligence and psychological health of the Nigerian child has not being given adequate research attention.

Study Design: Exploratory /Descriptive survey design.

Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used to select 332 (mean age = 14) in-school adolescents who responded to Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), Parenting Style Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) and General Health Questionnaire -12 (GHQ-12). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

Results: Observed patterns for low, high and very high levels respectively are: authoritative parenting style (45.5%, 41.6%, and 12.9%), authoritarian parenting style (53%, 30.7% and 16.3%); permissive parenting style (64.2%, 20.7% and 15.1%). Authoritative as well as authoritarian parenting styles were observed to significantly predict Emotional Intelligence. Permissive parenting style failed to significantly predict Emotional Intelligence. Authoritative parenting style failed to significantly predict psychological distress, while authoritarian as well as permissive parenting styles were significant predictors of psychological distress.

Conclusion: Authors conclude that a child’s emotional intelligence and psychological health status are products of parenting style.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of hypoxaemia and predictors of signs of hypoxaemia in children with various disease conditions admitted into the CHEW of a tertiary health facility.

Place and Duration: Department of Paediatrics (Children Emergency Ward). Study was done from 1^st February to 30^th April 2015.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study of 129 children admitted into the CHEW with various disease conditions. Biodata and clinical examination was done in all patients.  Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was determined at admission using pulse oximeter for every sick child admitted. Hypoxaemia was defined as SpO2 less than 90%.

Results: One hundred and twenty nine children were studied.  Ages of subjects ranged between 0.08years and 17 years with a mean age of 3.06 ± 3.65 years. The mean age of 3.34 ± 3.97 years for males was higher than 2.70 ± 3.22 years for females. Thirty one (24%) children had hypoxaemia on admission with 20(64.5%) with respiratory diseases. Infants (P=.004) and children with respiratory disease (P=.047) had a significantly higher prevalence of hypoxaemia among the study group.

Chest in drawing was a common feature but grunting had the best positive predictive value of more than 80%    but with low sensitivity of 3.

Conclusion: Hypoxaemia is prevalent in children who are ill and need emergency care. Respiratory diseases and infants account for a major proportion of hypoxaemic children seen in emergency wards. Chest in drawing is a common feature from different studies; presence of grunting was highly predictive in this study although had low sensitivity.

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition that sometimes lead to devastating neurological consequence such as kernicterus.

Aim: This study was aimed to find out the clinical features and etiology of neonatal jaundice in term newborn admitted to Ratchaburi Hospital.

Study Design:  Hospital-based retrospective study

Methodology: The study was conducted by reviewing 117 medical records of neonatal jaundice who were admitted at Ratchaburi Regional Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand from 1^st October 2007 to 30^th September 2008. Both the patient’s and their mother’s profiles, etiology and clinical features of jaundice were extracted.

Results: The results showed that the most common etiology was inconclusive jaundice (64.9%) followed by ABO incompatibility (17.9%) and breast feeding jaundice (10.2%). Other less common causes were G6PD deficiency, minor blood group incompatibility and cephalhematoma. The onset of the neonatal jaundice usually occurred on the 2^nd to the 4^th day of life and almost all newborns responded well to phototherapy. Most of interventions were started on the 2^nd day of life. Moreover, exchange transfusion was needed in four cases. The maximum and minimum haematocrit was significantly lower while Nucleated Red Cell (NRC) count and percent of reticulocytes counts were significantly higher in haemolysis group than in non-haemolysis group,.

Conclusion: From our study, the most common etiology was inconclusive jaundice which is followed by ABO incompatibility but non-immune hemolysis and polycythemia were not encountered. There was significant difference of hematocrit, NRC and reticulocytes between hemolytic and non-hemolytic groups. Detailed approach of history taking and physical examination, early investigations of jaundice work up and septic work up are recommended in eliciting various etiologies and preventing complications.

Aim: To describe the spectrum of various endocrine disorders seen in children and adolescents in Port Harcourt over the period 2013-2017 using modified European Society of Paediatric endocrinology ICD -10 classification.

Study Design: Descriptive, Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration: Paediatric endocrinology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.  Study was done with data from January 2013 to August 2017.

Methods: A retrospective review of 178 patients with various endocrine diseases was reported. Data on biodata, clinical presentations and investigations with diagnosis   were retrieved from the clinic and ward records and endocrine unit registers.

Results: A total of 178 patients were seen with various endocrine disorders over the study period accounting for 4.5% of Paediatric specialist clinic consultations. There were 89(50.0%) females and 80(44.9%) males. Nine (5.1%) had genital ambiguity.  The ages of patients ranged from 12days to 17years with a mean age of 6.9 ± 5.1years. The commonest endocrine disorders were pubertal disorders, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders and  calcium phosphate metabolism and bone disorders  in 34(17%), 27(14%)  23(12%), 22(11%) and 22(11%) respectively.  Twenty two (11%) of the patients had obesity and 10(5%) had syndromes with endocrine features.  Other disorders seen were sex development and gender disorders, testicular/male reproductive tract disorders, growth disorders (short stature) ovarian/female reproductive tract disorders, pituitary/ hypothalamic disorders and adrenal disorders in 17(9%), 17(9%) 10(5%),7(4%), 5(2.5%) and 3(1.5%) respectively. Type 1 DM remained the commonest type of DM. Most of the patients were of the middle social class (social class III). Challenges to management included high cost of investigations and drugs, high rate of loss to follow up.

Conclusion: Pubertal disorders, type 1 Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone disorders and obesity were the commonest cases in our review. Most investigations were available in private laboratories with high cost of investigation leading to loss to follow up and continuation of care.

Background: Using Intravenous Smart Pump by pediatric nursing students has shaped the challenge of finding innovative ways to teach clinical skills. The study aimed to assess the effect of PDSA framework on pediatric nurses compliance in using smart pump technology for intravenous medication administration in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Design: A Quasi-Experimental quantitative, pre/post-test design was used to conduct the study. A purposive sample of 90 pediatric nursing students chosen based on the simple random sample for the academic year 2016– 2017, participated in the study.

Methods: Three tools were designed by the researchers to collect the necessary data to implement the Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) framework.

Statistical Analysis: The collected data were coded, analyzed and tabulated using frequencies and percentage, mean, standard deviation & chi-square tests.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference and marked improvement in nurses students’ total knowledge and skills levels of smart pump intravenous administration (Pre and Post Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) framework) pre/post periods of assessment. It was observed that the majority of studied sample had good scores (100%, 97.8%, 97.8% & 93.3%) respectively post-intervention compared to (73.3%, 64.5%, 52.2%, 36.7%, 16.7%, 13.3%) pre-program and respectively (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Administration of intravenous therapy for neonates can be risky but when supported by the use of smart pump systems with proper programming, compliance nurses students and staff education by reporting, monitoring, it will be a valuable tool to avoid actually catastrophic damage related to medication and infusion errors.

Recommendation: Collaboration between health professionals is the key of successful implementation of smart infusion pump technology which can improve patient safety.