Relationship among Socio-economic Determinants and Non-compliance with Vaccination in Children under 6 Years of Age in Guanajuato, México: A Cross-sectional Study
Edith Fernanda Villanueva-Méndez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Michelle Arias-Morales
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Luis Ignacio Pérez-Velázquez
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Gilberto Flores-Vargas
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Mexico.
María de Jesús Gallardo-Luna
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Efraín Navarro-Olivos
Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Ligia Gricelda Arce-Padilla
Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.
Ma. Dolores Mabel Salgado-Hernández
Service of Nursing, CAISES El Pardo, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, México.
Laura Elena Escalera-Morales
Service of Nursing, CAISES El Pardo, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, México.
Erick Olav Duran-Arredondo
CAISES El Pardo, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, México.
Juan Carlos González-Araiza
Sanitary Jurisdiction 1, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, México.
Nicolás Padilla-Raygoza *
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Guanajuato, Mexico.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Vaccination is a quick and effective way to protect the population against harmful diseases before coming into contact with pathogens in the external environment. One-third of deaths worldwide are caused by infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Over the years, the planet has experienced different epidemics and pandemics such as the Black Death, smallpox, measles, cholera, influenza, and the most recent SARS-CoV-2; these diseases have claimed the lives of many people.
Aims: Determine the social and economic factors that influence the non-compliance with the vaccination schedule at a primary health center in Guanajuato, Mexico.
Study Design: It is a cross-sectional, analytical, quantitative and observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: CAISES Pardo Guanajuato from March to May 2024
Methodology: The sample were 200 surveys of parents of pediatric patients under 6 years of age at CAISES El Pardo in Guanajuato, Mexico.
200 vaccination cards of children under 6 years old were reviewed to determine whether the vaccination schedule was complete or incomplete. Subsequently, a survey was conducted with the guardians or parents of the children to observe their stance on vaccines, their knowledge, and interest in vaccination.
The survey had a construct validity and an intra-observer reliability of Kappa 0.87, and th e inter-observer Kappa was 0.81.
Results: Mothers in free union, as marital status do have the highest rate of non-compliance with their children's vaccination schedule. Although the marital status of the mother did prove to be an important factor in compliance with the vaccination schedule, various other factors affecting the child's vaccination schedule were identified.
Conclusion: This research shows the main causes why mothers do not vaccinate their children in a timely manner, is availability of vaccination center and distance from home yo vaccination center. The socio-economic determinants did not show effect in incomplete vaccination card.
Keywords: Vaccination card, vaccination schedule in pediatric patients, socioeconomic determinants, compliance