Reference Bioelectrical Impedance Values for Children of Normal Body Mass Index in Southeastern Brazil
Cristina Malzoni Ferreira Mangia *
Pediatric Critical Care Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
Alexandre Carneluti
Faculdade de Medicina, FMABC, Brazil.
Maria Cristina Andrade
Pediatric Nephrology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Bioelectrical analysis measures two bioelectrical vectors: Resistance (R) and reactance (Xc). Resistance is the pure opposition of a biological conductor to the flow of an alternating current through the intra and extra-cellular ionic solution and it is inversely related to the dynamics of body fluids and body composition.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the reference values of the indexes bioelectrical impedance (BI) for children of normal body mass index in southeastern Brazil of middle-income country.
Methods: Two hundred eighty-one children with normal body mass index were included in the study (135 female and 146 male), aged 4 to 129 months, selected from federal public urban school in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, where bioelectrical impedance values resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values were measured in order to establish reference values of these parameters.
Results: The anthropometric variables, body mass index, z-scores and bioelectrical impedance parameters were evaluated. For both genders, the mean and standard deviation of anthropometric variables were: age (months): 73.42 ± 34.65; weight (kg): 23.5 ± 9.46; height (m): 1.16±0.22; BMI (kg/m2): 16.65±1,75; Xc (ohms): 63.92±9.6; R (ohms): 749±75.26. For analysis, the children were stratified into three groups for each gender, being divided by ages: 4 to 23 months; 24 to 71 months and 72 to 129 months. Linear regression analysis showed R had a significant progressive decrease with age (p=0.0003) while Xc had a progressive increase (p=0.0065) with age increase. We analyzed by multiple regression the associations between R and Xc with anthropometric variables by age group to establish the reference values, confidence intervals and the tolerance limits for a new individual observation.
Conclusion: The BI reference values were established, in a field where there is a relative lack of publications, and we collected relevant information about resistance and reactance in a population of middle income setting that could be used in epidemiologic studies and could be used reference value in children with altered body composition.
Keywords: Bioelectrical resistance, bioelectrical reactance, bioelectrical impedance analysis, children, fluids and electrolyte, dynamic, capacitive properties, BMI